Thomas j



UNITED STATES NPATENT OFFICE. c

'IO HMISELF AND HENRY BALDWIN, JR., OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVED BORER FOR WELLS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 47,600, dated May 2,1865.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, TH( )Mns J. LovEGRovE, cf the city and county ofPhiladelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Tools for Boring Artesian or Oil Wells, of whichthe following is a hfull, clear, and exact description, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, which make part of this speciiication,and in which- ,i

Figure l represents a view in elevation of my improved boring apparatuswith a portion of the casing broken away to show the interior Fig. 2, avertical central section through the same; Fig. 3, a transverse sectionat the line a: x of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a similar section at the lineyyofFig. 2, and Fig. 5 a view in elevation of the face of the tool.

The objects of my invention are to prevent the jamming or sticking ofthe drill, to rotate it automatically, and to remove the detritus fromthe bottom ras fast as formed; and to these ends the improvement hereinclaimed consists, iirst, in rotating a boring-tool by hydraulicpressure; second, in combining with a drill a tubular jar rotated by theiiuids passing through it; third, in combining with a tubular jar,rotated in one direction by hydraulic pressure, a ratchet or otherdetent to prevent its rotation in the opposite direction; fourth, in socombining a rotating drill with a dischargepipe that the drill can berotated without turning or twisting the discharge pipe or interruptingthe discharge of the detritus; fifth, in suspending and vibrating aboring tool bytwo ropes in such manner that the reaction of their twistproduced by the downward stroke will continue to turn the drill on theupward stroke; sixth, in combining a drill automatically rotated byanges with a jar automatically rotated by hydraulic pressure.

1u the accompanying drawings, which exemplify one mode of carrying outthe objects of my invention, a hollow or perforated drill, A, is shownas constructed with a, single radial cutting-edge, a, on one side,extending acios about two-thirds of the diameter of the drill at a rightangle to its line of vibration, and with four cuttingedges,la' a2 a3 a4,

in a lower horizontal plane. These edges form a chamber, b, in the faceof the drill, from which a channel, B, leads to a jar'chamber, C,provided with a ball-valve, D, controlled by a stop, E. The drill isrotated on the downstroke by wings, wedges, or flanges F, provided withcutlingedges suitablyinclintd for the purpose. and turns freely in thejarchamber C, carrying on its lower end a piston, H, having its endsloped in opposite directions, as shown in Fig.`1, so as to form vauesor wings. An an-` nular chamber, h', runs around the piston, and intowhich-the water, in passing up through the jar, may enter throughopenings h in the abutments on the downstroke, and flow out on theupstroke. the piston has ratchet-teeth i taking into a correspondingratchet, t', on the ja-rchamber. A flexible hose, J, leads from the jarto the place of discharge. The boring-tool is vibrated by means of tworopes, cords, or chains, K, one being attached to each side of thejar-tube G. I prefer wire rope for this purpose.

The following is the operation of the apparatus: As the drill descends,the wings F scrape against the edges of the well and rotate the drill inthe direction of the arrow in Fig. l. The water, detritus, &c., inthewell, in this instance, presses up through the channel B intothejarchamber C. After the drill has struck, the piston H descends inthe jarchamber a distance greater or less, according.

to the forcewrequisite for the upward blow, During its descent theweight of the piston presses against the Water in the jar-chamber,forcing the larger portion up the tube G, while part enters thechamberh' and issues out through the holes or openings h into the spacein the jar-chamber above the piston H. On the next upward stroke thiswater above the piston H is forced down through thechannels h and forcedout at a tangent through the openin gs h, and thus turns the piston H ina direction opposite to that in which the drill was turned by its anges,and twists the ropes K. When the upstroke begins, the ratchets 'i t"lock into each other and prevent the drill and piston from turningindepend-` ently of each other, aud as the rising move-` ment continuesthe untwisting of the ropes causes the tool to rotate inthe directionoriginally given on the downstroke, and this A tube, G, works snugly Theupper end of movement is a-idid by the discharge of the water from thechamber h', as above described.

As the drill rotates, the lower cutting-surface chipsout an annulargroove around the circumference of the well, leaving a short stem orcore in the center, which is removed by the radial cutting-edge a.

The details of my invention may be moditied in various ways withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention. For instance, the drill-headmight be made solid and the water admitted into the jar-chamber throughsuitable valves without affecting the rotation of the tool by hydraulicpressure.

What I claim herein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. Rotating a boring-tool by hydraulic press ure, substantially in themanner described.

2. The combination, with adrill, of a tubular jar rotated by the fluidpassing through it, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a tubular jar rotated in one direction byhydraulic pressure,

of a ratchet or other detent to prevent its rotation in the oppositedirection, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a rotating drill with a dischargepipe by aswivelingjoint, substan-` tial] y in the manner described, for thepurpose of rotating the drill without twisting the pipe, as set forth.

5. suspending and vibrating a rock-drill by two ropes, substantially inthe manner de-l scribed, for the purpose of rotating the drill by thereacting twist of the ropes, as set forth.4

scribed my name.

T. J. LOVEGROVE. Vitnesses:

DAVID BEITLER., J. B. BRADLEY.

